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Recent Developments
in IMF-CSO Relations
In this issue of the Civil Society
Newsletter, we offer an
interview with Masood Ahmed, who
recently took a two-year leave of absence
from his position as Deputy Director of
the IMF Policy Development and Review
Department, where he had played a leading
role in the development of Fund policies
toward low-income countries. He has joined
the U.K. Department for International
Development as Director General, Policy
and International. The interview makes
clear Masood's role in helping to define
IMF policies in a wide range of areas. But
it also makes clear that the work with
poor countries will continue to evolve in
his absence.
One area in which this evolution is
taking place involves the Fund's work on
debt sustainability, the subject of a
new paper on which
public comment is being sought. That
paper itself is part of a broader
reassessment of the role of the IMF in
low-income countries that will become an
important part of our outreach in the
coming months.
Important progress has been made in
recent months in developing a guide for
IMF staff relations with civil society
organizations (CSOs). As reported in the
last
two editions of the Newsletter,
Prof. Jan Aart Scholte, of the Centre for
the Study of Globalization and
Regionalization at the University of
Warwick in the U.K., has been preparing a
draft of the guide in consultation with
both IMF staff and civil society
representatives.
The comments from both the Fund and
CSOs, as might be expected, were wide
ranging and thought provoking. Scholte has
incorporated these comments into a revised
draft, which he has sent to the IMF.
Scholte plans also to provide a copy of
the revised draft to the individuals and
CSOs who reviewed the first version. IMF
staff expect to prepare a final draft of
the guide in the next few weeks, which can
then be issued to staff. At the same time,
the guide will be posted on the Fund's
external website, with an invitation to
the public to comment. We envisage that
the guide will be revised, refined, and
updated after a period in which it is used
by Fund staff in the field. Future issues
of the Newsletter will offer
updates on the topic.
Back to Table of
Contents
Feature Article
An interview with Masood Ahmed
Masood Ahmed, Deputy Director of the
IMF Policy Development and Review
Department since 2000, has been named to a
two-year appointment as Director General,
Policy and International of the U.K.
Department for International Development.
At the Fund, Ahmed has played a leading
role on a range of issues related to
low-income countries, including
coordinating the implementation of the
Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility
(PRGF) and the development of the Poverty
Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) approach.
He has also been a high-profile spokesman
for the Fund on matters related to poverty
reduction. Before joining the IMF, Ahmed
worked at the World Bank for 21 years,
rising to Vice President in 1997. He spoke
to the Civil Society Newsletter in late
June, on his last day at the IMF.
Q: To what extent have
anti-poverty objectives become part of
the IMF culture?
A: Over the past three or four
years there has been a much more direct
focus on how the Fund can contribute to
improving living standards of poor
people, on how we can manage poverty and
the social impact of policies that we
recommend. Now most Fund mission chiefs
working on low income countries think
much more systematically about the
impact on the poor of the policies and
programs that a country is undertaking.
While the quality of the analysis is
still uneven, we want to make sure also
that the analysis is feeding into the
dialogue about policy choices and
tradeoffs—that it is not simply about
how you mitigate the effect of policies
on the poor. It is a tool that needs to
feed back into the policy dialogue, not
simply a downstream calculation and
mitigation process. I think that is
still at an early stage.
Q: What are the organizational
results of this evolution in thinking at
the IMF?
A: The basic difference is
that we have much greater clarity about
what is expected of the Fund in this
area. We have clearer expectations of
what the key features of the PRGF ought
to be. We have clearer rules on what the
Fund's involvement in the PRSP process
ought to be. We have a clearer sense of
how the Fund should be working on
conditionality in terms of streamlining
and focusing that conditionality on our
core areas. We have a clearer sense of
how the Fund should be working with the
World Bank. We have a better sense of
how the Fund and the UN should support
the Millennium Development Goals
process. We have built a much stronger
community of mission chiefs working on
low-income countries. They meet
regularly; they interact with each other
to look at common issues. With partners
outside the Fund, issues being discussed
include: how does the focus on poverty
and on the Millennium Development Goals
change the way we do macroeconomic
analysis? The Fund has been working on
the latter issue with the World Bank,
with the U.K. Department for
International Development, with the
Dutch government and others. We recently
hosted a conference at the Fund of
people working on this issue in
different agencies, including academic
institutions and civil society
organizations.
Q: What are some of the key tasks
that remain?
A: The challenge is to
implement change at the country level,
in the basic design of our programs, in
the way in which those programs are
developed and negotiated with our
interlocutors in country authorities, in
the way in which our mission chiefs and
our resident representatives interact
with other donor agencies and with civil
society. We have the institutional
policies and expectations; now we have
to apply them systematically in our
everyday work with member countries.
Q: Are there new gauges by which
progress in the struggle against poverty
can be measured?
A: We are working much more
closely with the UN now on trying to
define the indicators which will enable
monitoring of progress toward the MDGs.
We are working to define how the Fund
can specifically contribute to this
process and what should be the
indicators by which we measure our own
effectiveness.
Q: In what part of the world is
the redefinition of IMF anti-poverty
policy most advanced?
A: Africa is very much the
center of all of this work. There is a
lot of effort in the African Department
of the IMF to build on the framework
that has been developed over the last
few years and to use it as an organizing
mechanism for our work in countries.
Obviously, in some cases it adds to the
burden on already-strapped resources in
the departments. But I don't think there
is an alternative, because this is now
the internationally accepted framework.
The Fund is very much part of having
helped to define it.
Q: To what extent is the new
doctrine of focusing on poverty
institutionalized at other multilateral
organizations?
A: Over the past 10 years
there has been a progressive increase in
the focus on poverty issues in the work
that multilateral organizations do.
Specifically over the past four to five
years, there has been a much greater
attempt at organizing the assistance by
multilateral institutions around the
core objective of reducing poverty and
meeting the Millennium Development
Goals. Some instruments have helped
increase the operational focus on the
antipoverty goals in the multilateral
institutions. These instruments are, at
the national level, the concept of the
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, which
serves as a framework for organizing the
country's own efforts around poverty
reduction, and organizing donor
assistance and development support
around the same objective. The second
instrument is, at the international
level, the agreement around the
Millennium Development Goals as
reflected in the Monterrey Consensus.
Q: In a global climate in which
uncertainty dominates the economies of
the big industrialized countries—is this
uncertainty running stronger than
commitments to support anti-poverty
work?
A: I'm heartened by what I see
happening in a number of countries in
following through on the commitment to
increase aid. In the post-Monterrey
period aid flows are supposed to
increase substantially by 2006. The
United States has come through with a
big increase in aid, and also more of a
renewed focus on how to make that aid
more effective. The European Commission
has made a commitment to increase aid.
Individual countries within that
community are taking action to deliver
on that. I am also quite heartened by
what I see happening on aid delivery
mechanisms, which reflect a commitment
to harmonize efforts, and reduce the
costs of doing business for poor
countries.
Q: The issue of protectionism by
industrialized countries has not been
resolved.
A: But you see a growing
awareness of the link between trade and
agricultural issues and their impact on
the poor. There is now far more press
coverage of how subsidies for cotton
farmers in the U.S. force West African
cotton farmers—who are competitive—out
of a job. The fact that these issues are
being given the prominence that they are
is important. The fact that so many
people now can cite statistics about the
one billion dollars a day in
agricultural subsidies; about the fact
that a European cow receives a larger
daily contribution from European
consumers—$2 a day—than the income of
half the world's people. The fact that
all of this is playing in the media
means that people are becoming aware.
That creates an inevitable process that
leads to change. These changes are not
going to be easy. They are not simply
about handing out money. They are about
structural changes, and structural
changes in economies and societies are
difficult, as developing countries have
been trying to say for a long time.
Q: Will your departure weaken the
new emphasis on anti-poverty work at the
Fund?
A: Individuals make a
difference, but institutions are much
bigger than individuals. I hope that in
the time that I have been here I have
been able to contribute to providing
some impetus to the way in which the
Fund has developed. There are many
people in the Fund who are now ready to
take on this role. It is not a role that
can or should be thought of as
synonymous with an individual. In
particular (Policy Development and
Review Department Deputy Director) Mark
Allen will bring new energy, new ideas,
new perspectives for taking work on
development issues forward. And I also
look to coming back in two years time
and seeing how, with this additional
experience, I can contribute to the
Fund's mission.
Back to Table of
Contents
Poverty
Paper on Debt Sustainability
The IMF has
invited public comment on a paper
about debt sustainability in low-income
countries. The
paper is intended to help in devising
a policy framework—under development in
close consultation with the World Bank,
official creditors and debtors—that would
guide low-income countries in their
borrowing practices.
The debt-sustainability paper—and
request for public comment—is part of a
broader effort to define a policy
framework for the Fund's work in
low-income countries for the long-term. In
the coming weeks, the IMF Board also will
consider an issues paper on "The Role of
the Fund in Low-Income Countries Over the
Medium Term" that will begin to address
many of the key issues related to how the
Fund can support low-income countries and
contribute to the global effort to achieve
the Millennium Development Goals. That
paper will be accompanied by a separate
paper examining the impact of exogenous
shocks (natural disasters, commodity price
fluctuations etc.) on low-income
countries. A major outreach effort that
will include consultations with civil
society is anticipated.
The issuance of the debt sustainability
paper was preceded by
three workshops on debt sustainability
and development financing attended by IMF
staff. The workshops were organized by the
Agence Française de Développement in Paris
on May 14, by InWent, Capacity Building
International of Germany in Berlin on May
19-20, and by the Commonwealth Secretariat
and the World Bank in Accra, Ghana, on
June 9-10. Besides Fund and Bank staff,
participants included government officials
and representatives from civil society.
The debt sustainability paper was
discussed by the Executive Board of the
IMF in an informal seminar on July 11.
Comments on the paper are invited by
September 30, and should be sent by email
to
LICDebtSust@imf.org.
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Contents
Africa
Managing Director Köhler meets
African leaders
IMF Managing Director Horst Köhler
conducted a four-country tour of
Africa July 6-11 as part of his ongoing
effort to consult actively with key
policymakers in the region on issues
related to poverty reduction and the
promotion of long-term economic growth.
The Managing Director's visit took him
to Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar and
Mozambique, where he also participated in
the summit of the Heads of State of the
African Union. It was Mr. Köhler's fourth
trip to sub-Saharan Africa since assuming
office in 2000.
In his
address to the Heads of State, the
Managing Director offered a firm
commitment to provide Africa with the
expertise and financing to help make
significant progress toward meeting the
Millennium Development Goals, which call
for a halving of poverty between 1990 and
2015. He restated his call for the
developed countries to meet their
commitments to offer aid and trade
opportunities to Africa, and he encouraged
African leaders to take steps to enhance
governance, sustain growth, encourage
private investment, and promote regional
cooperation.
In Ethiopia, he reiterated Fund support
for the government's economic policies and
was able to obtain a first-hand view of
the responses to the economic and social
challenges created by the current drought,
which has made food insecurity the
Ethiopian government's top priority. He
also met with about 140 members of civil
society, including representatives of
NGOs, labor unions and the private sector.
Two topics figured in all meetings—the
country's Sustainable Development and
Poverty Reduction Program, and the role of
the private sector in economic
development. The Ethiopian news agency ENA
reported that Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
said after his meeting with the Managing
Director that Ethiopia and the IMF are
working together "with a great sense of
cooperation and understanding on various
issues." Mr. Meles said that while there
are points of divergence on some issues,
Ethiopia has forged a sound relationship
with international financial institutions.
In Kenya, Mr. Köhler met President Mwai
Kibaki, his finance and economy team, and
the leader of the parliamentary
opposition. The Managing Director
expressed his support for the government's
strategy. He cited its fiscal prudence,
its expenditure restructuring in favor of
health and education programs, and its
anticorruption measures.
In Madagascar, Mr. Köhler met with
President Marc Ravalomanana, Prime
Minister Jacques Sylla, and members of the
government. The Managing Director said he
was pleased with the recent completion of
Madagascar's Poverty Reduction Strategy
Paper, which benefited from wide
consultation among different groups,
including civil society.
In Mozambique, he met with President
Joachim Chissano, several key members of
the government and representatives of the
private sector. He commended President
Chissano on Mozambique's progress in
improving economic policies and social
conditions.
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Contents
Technical Assistance
AFRITAC moves West
The IMF has expanded the territory
covered by its centers to promote
capacity-building in Africa. The West
Africa Regional Technical Assistance
Center (West
AFRITAC) was opened in May in Bamako,
Mali, to cover ten francophone countries
in sub-Saharan Africa. Its inauguration
follows the opening of an
East Africa counterpart, which began
operations last year in Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
Technical Assistance is a familiar part
of the development lexicon. But in the
AFRITAC context, the term has a particular
meaning. The centers' basic mission is to
strengthen the ability of governments to
design and carry out their own pro-growth
poverty-reduction plans. These are set out
in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers,
which have become the basic tool by which
countries set out their development ideas.
Through the AFRITACs, teams of resident
experts, supplemented by short-term
specialists, provide assistance in the
core specialties of the IMF. Among the
topics: macroeconomic policy,
microfinancing, financial sector policies,
tax policy and revenue administration,
exchange rate administration, public
spending management and macroeconomics
statistics.
The West AFRITAC is part of the IMF's
response to calls by African leaders,
including those expressed under the New
Partnership for Africa's Development
(NEPAD). The initiative builds on efforts
by officials of the countries in its
territory, the African Capacity Building
Foundation, the African Development Bank
and the Banque Centrale des États de
L'Afrique de l'Ouest (Central Bank of
West African States).
Many AFRITAC projects will strengthen
capacity-building programs already under
way. Among the examples: In Mali, the
authorities are fortifying tax
administration and public spending
management, as well as employing a new
budget classification system to monitor
poverty-reducing spending. Benin and Niger
are building capacity in tax
administration and public expenditure
management. And Guinea is showing progress
in improving the country's statistical
database and setting up a computerized
budget monitoring system.
If the two centers establish successful
track records, three more centers could be
established, which would allow all
sub-Saharan countries to participate in
the most up-to-date form of technical
assistance available in the developing
world.
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Contents
New pamphlet explains IMF's
Technical Assistance work
The IMF's work in the area of technical
assistance is explained in a new
publication, "IMF Technical Assistance:
Transferring Knowledge and Best Practice.
The 56-page pamphlet explains technical
assistance partly through case studies
from around the world.
Examples include capacity building in
Africa; the fight against money
laundering; assistance to central banks in
Lithuania and Poland; advice on tax
reform; the strengthening of trade policy;
and assistance in setting up treasuries in
transition economies. The IMF's work in
post-conflict situations is highlighted
with a first-person account of the
rebuilding of economic institutions in
Bosnia and Kosovo, as well as examples
from Afghanistan and Timor Leste.
The pamphlet also explains how the
training programs of the IMF Institute
complement technical assistance work.
"Providing technical assistance to member
countries—particularly developing
countries and countries in transition—is
among the IMF's most important jobs. Yet
this major component of our work is
relatively unknown to the public at
large," Eduardo Aninat, former IMF Deputy
Managing Director responsible for
technical assistance, writes in a forward.
"It plays a vital role in laying
foundations for stronger economies and for
a better future for the people of many
countries of the world."
Aimed at the general public, the
pamphlet is free. The English and French
versions have recently been published, and
versions in Spanish and Arabic will be
available shortly. Russian and Chinese
versions are expected in September.
It is available on the web at
http://www.imf.org/External/pubs/ft/exrp/techass/techass.htm
Back to Table of
Contents
Letters from the
Field
Putting NGOs in the mix
Robert P. Hagemann, Resident
Representative, Cambodia
I recently launched an initiative to
spark dialogue with the NGO community in
Cambodia through a series of roundtable
discussions. The interaction grew out of
the Fund's interest, in the context of
PRSP discussions, to hear civil society's
views of policies to speed up and sustain
poverty reduction in Cambodia.
The first roundtable was held on June
19, 2003, in Phnom Penh, with
representatives from international and
Cambodian NGOs who had been invited to
discuss revenue policies. The session
began with a presentation on Cambodia's
fiscal situation, the scale of the revenue
challenge and, in particular, the policy
and administrative reforms to boost
revenue performance. The subsequent
discussion brought a surprise: despite the
availability of documentation on the
program in Cambodia, participants knew
little about extensive efforts to broaden
the country's revenue base.
They welcomed the initiative.
Representatives seemed especially pleased
about the "fairness" aspect of revenue
work—that improving compliance and
broadening coverage is aimed at improving
equity. Specific proposals made by the NGO
representatives included introduction of a
progressive land tax to discourage land
speculation; tax reductions on
agricultural inputs to improve
agricultural competitiveness and help
diversify production; and the reduction or
elimination of various fees collected at
the provincial level (which by one
estimate reach 70 percent of the price of
products at delivery) to reduce
disincentives to rural entrepreneurship.
Several topics for future discussion
were identified: the budget formulation
process; expenditure policies;
conditionality under the PRGF; trade
policy and WTO accession; and governance.
The next roundtable was scheduled for July
16, 2003, for a discussion of governance
and corruption.
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Contents
Honduras: Macro lessons from
Microfinance
Francisco Vazquez, Economist,
Monetary and Financial Systems Department
Can a microfinance experiment provide
lessons for macroeconomic and financial
stability? For Honduras, the answer is a
yes. Fund staff had the chance to hear
directly from farmers about the benefits
of "Monedero Banadesa", a new
microfinance project that provides credit
to the owners of small farms. The meetings
were held last February as part of a
Financial System Assessment Program (FSAP)
that gauged the soundness of the country's
financial system.
Monedero Banadesa is a
successful approach to agricultural
credit. The program, targeted at the
smallest farmers, not only provides
financing but, most importantly, also
offers mandatory crop insurance. In an
economy that depends on a few agricultural
commodities, crop insurance is a major
public policy issue. Falling farm
commodity prices hit all farmers, causing
problems throughout the economy and
financial system. Knowing this, no
individual farmer has an incentive to
obtain insurance, anticipating that a mass
of claims could cause insolvency
throughout the insurance industry, which
would require a government bailout.
Therefore, policymakers are looking for
alternative ways to ensure that individual
farmers are properly protected against
shocks.
The Monedero Banadesa experiment
is still in its early stages, and time
will reveal aspects that need improvement.
But the mission from the Monetary and
Financial Systems Department learned from
Hondurans how grassroots solutions can be
applied at the macroeconomic level.
Back to Table of
Contents
A roundup of recent Western
Hemisphere Department contacts with civil
society
Edited by Leonardo Cardemil, Advisor,
Western Hemisphere Department
In Dominica, staff met with news
media and with a wide range of civil
society representatives, including labor
union officials, to gauge public support
for a Fund-supported program that is being
negotiated. Discussions centered on how to
design policies that would move the
economy forward. Civil society members
consulted included staff of the
"Integrated Development Plan," an
organization with civil society
representation.
An Article IV mission to the
Dominican Republic to evaluate and
discuss the state of the economy and
financial system in February included
discussions with key business and labor
groupings. Meeting with members the
National Council of Private Enterprises
(CONEP) and the National Council of Labor
Unions, staff explained the aims of IMF
surveillance. Specific issues included the
role of fiscal discipline in limiting
inflation, the power of free trade to
produce more jobs and lower prices; and
the need to avoid over-reliance on public
sector employment, which can divert
resources from priority social spending.
Union activists agreed that public sector
employment was inflated, though they were
skeptical of the promised benefits of free
trade, putting more emphasis on the
potential for job loss. Private sector
representatives urged staff to advise the
government to tighten fiscal controls.
They also advocated a Fund program.
In Ecuador, a staff visit
undertaken for a one-year review of the
Stand-By Arrangement included meetings
with national and foreign CSOs. These
included representatives of the indigenous
community, Jubilee 2000, a UN-sponsored
Fiscal Transparency Forum, and private
sector associations. Talks centered on
economic and social policies aimed at
establishing sustainable economic growth
and poverty reduction, as well as the
impact of debt obligations. First Deputy
Managing Director Anne Krueger joined
staff for part of the trip, visiting Quito
and Guayaquil for discussions with
indigenous and business-sector
associations. Follow-up discussions
included talks with academics and
religious leaders on environmental
concerns and debt problems in light of
Ecuador's high poverty rate.
In Nicaragua, Resident
Representative Luis Breuer held a series
of meetings with civil society
organizations. Participants included the
Papal Nuncio, Cardinal Miguel Obando
y Bravo, as well as members of Quakers
International (QI) and of the Civil
Society Coordinating Council (CC—Coordinadora
Civil), an umbrella organization.
Discussions focused on the Poverty
Reduction Growth Facility (PRGF), as well
as CC complaints about perceived lack of
transparency in the government's
negotiating practices. QI members argued
for assignment of debt relief gains to
domestic social programs. Mr. Breuer
responded that a large part of the debt
relief is associated with only nominal
(legal) debt reduction and does not
represent cash savings that could be
channeled to social programs. However,
savings derived from the interim
assistance that Nicaragua currently
receives under the Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) Initiative—which
represents reductions in actual service
payments to the IFIs and other donors—were
being channeled into social programs,
under Fund and World Bank monitoring.
Back to Table of
Contents
Bulletin Board
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notification through our
website notification system.
Other recent meetings between IMF
staff and CSOs
- On May 5, Hans Peter Lankes, Chief
of the Trade Policy Division of the
Policy Development and Review Department
(PDR) and World Bank staff met a small
group of civil society representatives
at IMF headquarters in Washington to
discuss questions concerning the
IMF's role in the WTO, and other
trade-related issues.
- On May 22, Mario Garza and Michael
Papaioannou from the Honduras mission
met with three Honduras and
Washington NGO representatives at IMF
headquarters. Topics included Poverty
and Social Impact Analysis (PSIAs),
privatization, trade liberalization, the
global coffee market, financing the PRSP
and fiscal policies.
- At the request of a group of NGOs,
PDR Director Timothy Geithner, met with
three NGO representatives at IMF
headquarters on June 16 to discuss the
status of the paper on the role of the
Fund in low-income countries; the
Independent Evaluation Office review of
prolonged use of Fund resources; and
Masood Ahmed's departure from the Fund.
PDR Deputy Director Mark Allen and
Advisor Brian Ames also attended.
- On June 18, External Relations
Department Director Thomas Dawson hosted
a reception for CSOs and other
organizations to bid farewell to
Masood Ahmed at IMF headquarters in
Washington.
- On June 20, APD economist Enric
Fernandez, and Wayne Camard of EXR
participated in a meeting at the World
Bank in Washington with Amnesty
International (AI) USA
representatives on Sri Lanka. Topics
discussed were the current work of the
Bank and the Fund in Sri Lanka, the
Tokyo donor conference and the relevance
of AI's current human rights concerns to
that.
Back to Table of
Contents
IMF Staff News
- Mexico's Deputy Secretary of Finance
and former IMF Executive Director
Agustín Carstens will succeed Eduardo
Aninat as Deputy Managing Director of
the IMF on August 1. Aninat, a Chilean
national and former Finance Minister of
Chile,
announced his departure in March. He
had
joined the IMF in December 1999. In
his
farewell interview in the IMF Survey,
Aninat stressed Africa's need for
capacity building.
- IMF Managing Director Horst Köhler
notified the IMF Executive Board of
his intention to appoint Professor
Raghuram Rajan, a distinguished
economist at the University of Chicago
Graduate School of Business, to the
position of Economic Counsellor and
Director of the Research Department at
the IMF. He will succeed Kenneth Rogoff,
who earlier
announced his decision to return to
academia in the Fall of 2003.
Current and Upcoming Events
- The
Annual Meetings of the Governors of the
IMF and the World Bank will take
place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on
September 23-24, 2003 with a number of
other official meetings taking place in
the preceding days. A number of
dialogues for interested civil society
representatives will be organized by the
World Bank and IMF during the week of
the September 18-24, 2003. Registration
information for CSOs can be found on the
Annual Meetings website.
- The
Fourth Annual Research Conference
will take place in Washington, DC on
November 6-7, 2003. This year's
conference will be devoted to Capital
Flows and Macroeconomic Cycles. More
detailed information will be posted
closer to the conference.
Back to Table of
Contents
Selected Speeches
-
Seizing the Opportunities of
Globalization in Central America, by
Horst Köhler, Managing Director , Second
Annual Round Table on Central America,
San Salvador, July 21, 2003
-
The IMF: A Reliable Partner for Africa,
by Horst Köhler, Managing Director , at
the African Union Heads of State
Meeting, Maputo, July 10, 2003
-
Implementing the Monterrey Consensus,
by Horst Köhler, Managing Director, at
the High-Level Segment of the ECOSOC,
Geneva, June 30, 2003
-
Address on Globalization, by Anne O.
Krueger, First Deputy Managing Director,
at the Seventh St. Petersburg
International Economic Forum,
Tavricheskii Palace, St. Petersburg,
Russia, June 18, 2003
-
The Challenges of Globalization and the
Role of the IMF, by Horst Köhler,
Managing Director, at the Annual Meeting
of the Society for Economics and
Management at Humboldt University
Berlin, Berlin, May 15, 2003
-
Cooperation in Trade and International
Financial Integration, by Horst
Köhler, Managing Director, at the WTO
General Council Meeting on Coherence,
Geneva, May 13, 2003
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Selected Publications
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Is Transparency Good for You, and Can
the IMF Help?, by Rachel Glennerster,
Yongseok Shin, Policy Development and
Review Department, Working Paper No.
03/132
-
IMF Technical Assistance,
Transferring Knowledge and Best
Practice, May 2003
-
The Millennium Development Goals,
Capacity Building, and the Role of the
IMF, by Dalia S.Hakura, Saleh M.
Nsouli, IMF Institute, Working Paper No.
03/119
-
Argentina: Macroeconomic Crisis and
Household Vulnerability, by Ana
Corbacho, Mercedes Garcia-Escribano,
Gabriela Inchauste, Fiscal Affairs
Department, Working Paper No. 03/89
-
Gender-Responsive Government Budgeting,
by Feridoun Sarraf, Fiscal Affairs
Department, Working Paper 03/83
-
The New Partnership for Africa's
Development (NEPAD): Opportunities and
Challenges, by Norbert Funke, Saleh
M. Nsouli, IMF Institute, Working Paper
No. 03/69
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